May is national arthritis month. Arthritis may seem relatively benign - everyone knows someone who has arthritis, but here are some numbers that help put the problem of arthritis into perspective:

• Arthritis is the leading cause of disability
• Arthritis affects one in five adults and 300,000 children
• One third of working-age people with arthritis have some kind of limitation in their ability to work
• Arthritis costs $156 billion each year in medical expenses and lost wages
• Nearly 1 million hospitalizations happen each year due to arthritis

It's a serious condition, and a serious problem. The good news is that physical therapy is one of the most effective treatments for arthritis.

The Benefits of Physical Therapy for Managing Arthritis Symptoms

Arthritis comes in two forms: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs because of wear and tear on the joints over time. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease that results from the immune system attacking the joint lining. Physical therapy helps people with arthritis manage their condition and reduce discomfort. Physical therapists often combine advice on lifestyle modifications with exercise to maximize improvement. Through individualized exercises, physical therapy can reduce joint pain, improve mobility, and help to prevent further damage to the joints. Let's look at the types of exercise that can help manage arthritis symptoms next.

Range of Motion Exercises

These gently move affected joints through their entire range of motion. This can help reduce stiffness and improve mobility. Examples would include things like gentle stretching, tai chi, or gentle yoga.

Aerobic Exercise

Aerobic exercise creates repeated motion, which moves the synovial fluid in the joints. It also increases blood flow and releases endorphins which reduce pain. Aerobic exercise also helps to control weight, and weight loss is proven to reduce the stress on your joints, which can reduce pain. Aerobic exercise for people with arthritis should be low impact. This would include things like walking, cycling, or swimming.

Strength Training

Strength training is an important part of managing arthritis. It decreases pain, and improves strength and function. Stronger muscles around the affected joints provide better support and protection.

Aquatic Exercise

A therapeutic pool can be great for people with arthritis to get started with exercise. The buoyancy of the water helps to relieve some of the body's pressure on the joints. The water pressure also provides compression on the joints, which offers some stability and pain relief. Moving the body through the water creates resistance for the muscles. This allows them to get stronger in a protective environment.

Education

Besides designing a custom exercise program, a physical therapist will educate people with arthritis on lifestyle modifications to help manage their symptoms. A PT can also teach different ways to perform daily activities to help protect joints affected by arthritis. This can slow down or prevent progression of symptoms. It also makes daily tasks easier and less painful.

Physical therapy is a safe and effective treatment for arthritis. Current clinical guidelines for treating arthritis include strong recommendations for physical therapy and exercise. If you're one of the 53 million Americans with arthritis, give your PT a call. They're a great provider to help you reduce pain, manage your symptoms, and move better.

References:

1. Research (peer-reviewed)
2. Knee osteoarthritis: key treatments and implications for physical therapy-https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1413355520302434
3. Osteoarthritis Management: Updated Guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology and Arthritis Foundation - https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0115/p120.html
4. Physical therapy for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis:supervised, active treatment is current best practice - https://sport-physiotherapie-halle41.ch/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/9-Physical-therapy-for-patients-with-knee-and-hip-osteoarthritis-2019.pdf

Articles and Content

1. May Is National Arthritis Awareness Month | Arthritis Foundation
2. Benefits of Exercise for Osteoarthritis | Arthritis Foundation
3. How Can Physical Therapy Help to Avoid Surgery? | Tucson Orthopaedic Institute